Critical Appraisal: Appraising a Systematic Review – Migraine Post Test

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Question 1 of 10

1. Question
Which of the following are features of a systematic review?

Select one or more options.
- A narrow focused question
- Conclusions based on expert opinion
- A useful overview of all aspects of a particular topic
- The grading of evidence is explicit
- The search is based on the author’s collection of papers
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Question 2 of 10

2. Question
Which of the following statements about meta-analysis are correct?

Select one or more options.
- A meta-analysis is a mathematical combination of the results from a narrative review
- A meta-analysis is a mathematical combination of the results from a systematic review
- A meta-analysis of well conducted studies or trials is the highest form of medical evidence
- High quality evidence means that the effect is likely to be strong
- High quality evidence means that the effect is likely to be true
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Question 3 of 10

3. Question
Which of the following are signs of a poorly conducted systematic review?

Select one or more options.
- Medline used as the sole source of information
- The grading of papers according to a validated scoring system
- The inclusion of all relevant studies, regardless of design
- An unclear search strategy
- Hand searching the references of papers
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Question 4 of 10

4. Question
Which of the following statements are true about publication bias?

Select one or more options.
- Publication bias usually occurs when studies with negative results get published preferentially
- Publication bias usually occurs when studies with positive results get published preferentially
- Publication bias can be assessed with a funnel plot
- A symmetrical funnel plot excludes publication bias
- A wonky, asymmetric funnel plot shows that there is publication bias
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Question 5 of 10

5. Question
Which of the following statements are true about Forest plots?
- The weight of the trial indicates the quality of the trial
- The weight of the study indicates the relative number of subjects of the trial
- The pooled effect is represented by a diamond and the horizontal edges of the diamond represent the confidence intervals
- The diamond represents a pooled absolute risk reduction
- The diamond represents a pooled relative reduction
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Question 6 of 10

6. Question
Which of the following statements are true about heterogeneity in systematic reviews and meta-analysis?

Select one or more options.
- Heterogeneity occurs in the population, the intervention and the outcome
- Heterogeneity is assessed in the population, the intervention and the outcome
- Heterogeneity is assessed in the outcome alone
- A Cochrane’s Q statistic is used to assess heterogeneity. A p value of less than 0.05 means that there is no heterogeneity
- An I2 of 5% means that there is little heterogeneity
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Question 7 of 10

7. Question
Which of the following statements are true about meta-analysis?

Select one or more options.
- The pooled result is obtained by adding all the results together and simply dividing them
- A meta-analysis can simply be done on a calculator
- You can only assess heterogeneity with a statistical test
- A fixed effects model is best used when the included trials are homogenous
- A random effects model is best used when the included trials are heterogenous
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Question 8 of 10

8. Question
Which of the following statements are true about whether you should accept the findings from a meta-analysis?

Select one or more options.
- High internal validity means that the findings can be applied elsewhere
- High external validity means that the findings can be applied elsewhere
- High internal validity means that the meta-analysis was unlikely to be biased
- High external validity means that meta-analysis was unlikely to be biased
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Question 9 of 10

9. Question
Which of the following statements are true about recommendations?

Select one or more options.
- The level of evidence gives you an idea of how strong the underlying evidence is
- The Grade of Recommendation gives you an idea of how strong the underlying evidence is.
- It is possible to make a strong recommendation on weak evidence, if the benefit is obvious
- It is possible to make a strong recommendation on weak evidence and uncertain benefit
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Question 10 of 10

10. Question
Which of the following statements are true about this Forest plot?
- There is a lot of heterogeneity in the included trials
- The pooled results show a statistically significant benefit
- The edges of the diamond at the bottom represents the confidence intervals
- The bigger the boxes, the more weight a trial has
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Critical Appraisal: Appraising a Systematic Review – Migraine

Critical Appraisal: Appraising a Systematic Review – Migraine Post Test

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