Zygomatic Complex and Nasal Injury

Authors:  Jonathan D Whittaker / Editor:  John P Sloan / Reviewer: Thomas Mac Mahon, John Wilson / Code: O9 / Published: 28/05/2021

Description:

This session covers the assessment, investigation and management of injuries to the bones of the midface; the zygoma, zygomatic arch, maxilla, orbit and nose.

After completing this session you will be able to:

  • Describe the clinical anatomy of the zygomatic and nasal complex
  • Identify the clinical features of fractures to the zygoma, nose and surrounding structures
  • Recognise the signs and symptoms of important complications of zygomatic and nasal injury, and institute appropriate management
  • Formulate an appropriate investigation strategy for zygomatic and nasal injury
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References:

  1. HUSSAIN, K., WIJETUNGE, D.B., GRUBNIC, S. et al. (1994) A comprehensive analysis of craniofacial trauma. Journal of trauma, 36, pp. 34-47.
  2. HUTCHISON, I.L., MAGENNIS, P., SHEPHERD, J.P. et al. (1998) The BAOMS United Kingdom survey of facial injuries part 1: aetiology and the association with alcohol consumption. British journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 36, pp. 3-13.
  3. GULY, H.R. (2001) Diagnostic errors made in an accident and emergency department. Emergency medicine journal, 18, pp. 263-269.
  4. GRATTON, M.C., SALAMONE, J.A. and WATSON, W.A. (1990) Clinically significant radiograph misinterpretations at an emergency medicine residency program. Annals of emergency medicine, 19, pp. 497-502.
  5. KLOSS, F., LAIMER, K., HOHLRIEDER, M. et al. (2008) Traumatic intracranial haemorrhage in conscious patients with facial fractures a review of 1959 cases. Journal of craniomaxillofacial surgery, 36, pp. 372-377.
  6. MITHANI, S.K., ST.-HILAIRE, H., BROOKE, B.S. et al. (2009) Predictable patterns of intracranial and cervical spine injury in craniomaxillofacial trauma: analysis of 4786 patients. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 123, pp. 1293-1301.
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  9. GOH, S-H. and LOW, B-H. (2002) Radiologic screening for midfacial fractures: a single 30-degree occipitomental view is enough. Journal of trauma, 52, pp. 688-692.
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  11. BLAIVAS, M., THEODORO, D. and SIERZENSKI, P.R. (2002) A study of bedside ocular ultrasonography in the emergency department. Academic emergency medicine, 9, pp. 791-799.
  12. JANK, S., EMSHOFF, R., ETZELSDORFER, M. et al. (2004) Ultrasound versus computed tomography in the imaging of orbital floor fractures. Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 62, pp. 150-154.
  13. OLUWASANMI, A.F. and PINTO, A.L. (2000) Management of nasal trauma widespread misuse of radiographs. Clinical performance and quality healthcare, 8, pp. 83-85.
  14. AGRAWAL, N. and BRAYLEY, N. (2007) Audit of nasal fracture management in accident and emergency in a district general hospital. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice, 13, pp. 295-297.
  15. CHAN, D.T., POON, W.S., CHIU, P.W. et al. (2004) How useful is glucose detection in diagnosing cerebrospinal fluid leak? The rational use of CT and Beta-2 transferrin assay in detection of cerebrospinal fluid fistula. Asian journal of surgery, 27, pp. 39-42.
  16. SRINIVASAN, D., WHEAR, N. and SHETTY, S. (2006) Antibiotics for patients with zygomatic fractures into the maxillary antrum. British journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 44, pp. 424-425.
  17. MARTIN, B. and GHOSH, A. Antibiotics in orbital floor fractures. BestBETs.
  18. GILPIN, T. and CARLEY, S. No evidence for early manipulation of nasal fractures. BestBETs.
  19. STAFFEL, J.G. (2002) Optimizing treatment of nasal fractures. Laryngoscope, 112, pp. 1709-1719.
  20. COULSON, C. and DE, R. (2006) Management of nasal injuries by UK accident and emergency consultants: a questionnaire survey. Emergency medicine journal, 23, pp. 523-525.
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